EN 590
EN 590 is a European standard that defines the quality and characteristics of automotive diesel fuel. Established by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), this standard ensures diesel fuel consistency across Europe, setting out specific parameters for properties like sulfur content, density, and cetane number. EN 590 is crucial in shaping diesel fuel regulations and is closely aligned with environmental and emission requirements.
Key Specifications of EN 590
1. Sulfur Content: EN 590 diesel has a maximum sulfur content of 10 ppm (parts per million), known as “ultra-low sulfur diesel” (ULSD). This low sulfur level helps reduce emissions and is compatible with diesel particulate filters (DPFs) and other modern emission control technologies.
2. Cetane Number: The cetane number in EN 590 is set at a minimum of 51, which helps ensure efficient combustion, reduces engine knocking, and improves cold-start performance.
3. Density: EN 590 diesel must have a density between 820 and 845 kg/m³. Density affects the energy content of diesel; a specific range is maintained to ensure that vehicles perform consistently.
4. Cold Flow Properties: EN 590 diesel includes specifications for cold-weather performance:
Summer Diesel: Suited for warmer climates.
Winter Diesel: Blended with additives or formulated to resist gelling at low temperatures, enhancing performance in colder conditions.
5. Viscosity: Controlled to ensure proper fuel atomization and consistent performance across various engine types.
Environmental Standards and Impact
EN 590 is closely linked to the European Union’s emission standards (such as Euro 5 and Euro 6), helping to reduce pollutants like particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and sulfur oxides (Sox). By regulating sulfur levels and other chemical properties, EN 590 plays a significant role in reducing the environmental footprint of diesel vehicles.
Global Use and Adaptation
While EN 590 is the standard for Europe, many countries around the world have adopted similar or equivalent specifications, often referred to as “Euro-spec” diesel. This standardization helps ensure that diesel fuel is consistent in quality, performance, and environmental impact across borders.