D2
“D2” is a commonly used designation for a specific grade of diesel fuel, also known as Gas Oil. It has traditionally been a high-sulfur diesel, though modern regulations have led to lower-sulfur versions. D2 fuel is often used in industries that require a reliable and readily available energy source, like power generation, large machinery, and marine applications.
Here’s a closer look at D2 diesel fuel.
Key Characteristics of D2 Diesel Fuel
1. Sulfur Content: Traditional D2 diesel (often referred to as “High Sulfur Diesel” or HSD) can contain sulfur levels of up to 0.5% (5,000 ppm) or even more, though ultra-low sulfur variants are also available. High sulfur levels contribute to corrosion and emissions of sulfur oxides (Sox), which are harmful to the environment and human health.
2. Viscosity: D2 has a higher viscosity than lighter fuels, which is suitable for heavy-duty applications and engines that operate at higher pressures. This ensures better lubrication and helps protect engine components.
3. Energy Content: D2 has a high energy content, which makes it efficient and powerful for applications that require significant energy, such as heavy machinery, generators, and maritime vessels.
4. Density and Cetane Number: D2 typically has a density similar to that of other diesel fuels. The cetane number (a measure of fuel’s combustion quality) for D2 is usually between 40 and 55, which is sufficient for heavy-duty engines.
Uses of D2 Diesel Fuel
D2 diesel fuel is mainly used in:
Heavy machinery: Construction equipment and off-road vehicles.
Marine industry: For large vessels, where high-energy output and reliability are crucial.
Power generation: Diesel generators in areas with limited access to electric grids.
Industrial heating: In industries where large-scale heating or steam generation is needed.
Environmental Considerations
Because of its traditionally high sulfur content, D2 diesel fuel is subject to stricter regulations in many countries. In regions with stringent environmental standards, high-sulfur D2 is often restricted or replaced with lower-sulfur diesel options. Transitioning to Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuels, like those specified in EN 590, is a trend in many countries to reduce emissions and minimize environmental impacts.
D2 vs. EN 590 Diesel
The main differences between D2 and EN 590 are:
Sulfur Content: EN 590 mandates ultra-low sulfur (maximum 10 ppm), while D2 can vary from high sulfur to lower sulfur versions, depending on the region.
Applications: EN 590 is generally used in automotive applications due to environmental regulations, while D2 is often used in industrial, marine, and power generation applications.